The mother had refused to agree to the vaccination of the children, resulting in one child being prohibited from school. In a March 30, 2022, decision in Matter of Soper v. Soper, the Appellate Division, Second Department, affirmed the modification of a custody stipulation to give the father sole decision-making authority with regard to the children’s medical care.

The parties were the formerly-married parents of three children. Pursuant to their 2018 custody and parental access stipulation that was incorporated but not merged into their 2019 judgment of divorce, the parties agreed to joint legal custody of the children. They agreed to defer medical decisions for the children to specified pediatricians.Continue Reading Refusal to Vaccinate Children Results in Change of Decision-Making

we are moving with question mark flipped.jpgAs noted in the February 8, 2010 post, seven very recent decisions reveal just how present are applications by separated parents to relocate with children. These decisions demonstrate that relocation applications will be decided very much on a case-by-case basis. However, common inquiries are evident:

  • To what extent is the relocation a necessity?
  • To what extent has the relocating parent fostered the relationship between the child and the parent left behind?
  • To what extent has the parent left behind exercised rights of visitation and sacrificed to be involved in the life of the child?
  • To what extent will educational and other opportunities for the child be enhanced by the relocation?

The prior blog post reported on four decisions of the Appellate Division, Third Department. This post discusses the remaining three.

In its January 31, 2012 decision in Ramirez v. Velazquez, the Fourth Department affirmed the order of Oneida County Family Court Judicial Hearing Officer John E. Flemma that denied permission to a 20-year-old mother to relocate with the parties’ three children from Utica to New York City.Continue Reading Relocation of the Single Parent and Child: Recent Decisions (Part II)

we are moving with question mark.jpgSeven decisions published in the last few months reveal just how significant an issue parent relocation remains. Perhaps it results from a difficult economy; perhaps a simple reflection of our mobile society.

Whatever the cause, these decisions reveal the judicial system’s agony when trying to predict the “best interest of a child.”

Four of these decisions come out of upstate’s Appellate Division, Third Department. To begin, in its December 8, 2011 decision in Kirshy-Stallworth v. Chapman, the appellate court affirmed the order of Ulster County Family Court Judge Anthony McGinty which dismissed a mother’s petition to relocate with her eight-year-old daughter and current husband to Western Pennsylvania.  The Third Department noted that:

a lower-court decision “will not be disturbed if supported by a sound and substantial basis in the record.”

The court recognized that, admittedly, there were benefits to the mother which might support a decision to allow the relocation. She was disabled and receiving Social Security disability benefits while her husband had suffered a work-related injury and had difficulty finding suitable employment. He was offered a job in a car dealership by the mother’s uncle. There was lower-court testimony of the mother’s excellent parenting, the father’s failure to fully avail himself of visitation rights, and the mother’s promise to facilitate visits with the father after her move.

However, there was a lack of evidence that the mother’s current community was unsatisfactory, or that the child’s current school was not meeting her needs. There was insufficient evidence that the educational opportunities for the child were any better in Pennsylvania. The plans for the mother’s housing and her husband’s employment were not certain. With such a record, the appellate court could not conclude that Judge McGinty’s determination, that the mother had failed to demonstrate that relocation would be in the child’s best interest, lacked a sound in substantial basis. Accordingly, the dismissal of the mother’s petition was affirmed.Continue Reading Relocation of the Single Parent and Child: Recent Decisions (Part I)